Origin: United Kingdom
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understanding nicotine and tobacco addiction, no. 275
novartis foundation
Synopsis "understanding nicotine and tobacco addiction, no. 275"
this book deals with the problems involved in understanding and treating nicotine and tobacco addiction. in 1988 the us surgeon general ` s report ` nicotine addiction ` provided comprehensive documentation of the phenomenon of nicotine addiction, but recognized that a great deal was still not known. since then, research has greatly improved our knowledge and understanding. the prevailing model is based on the idea that nicotine from cigarettes rewards smoking and punishes abstinence. in this way it taps into a motivational system of operant conditioning that requires no conscious awareness and can come to control behaviour even when an individual makes a conscious decision to desist. other theories involve cognitive biases and the effect of nicotine on impulse control. chapters in the book cover basic issues concerning the nature of the worldwide health problem posed by cigarette smoking and explore the psychoydnamics of cigarette addiction. the basic pharmacology and biochemistry of nicotine and its effect on the brain are reviewed here. the roles of different nicotine receptor subtypes and other neurotransmitter systems are discussed. chapters analyse data on genetic factors in the susceptibility to nicotine addiction. in western countries, cigarette smoking as an adult has a heritability of 30-50% and candidate genes have been identified that may contribute to addiction susceptibility. finally, a number of chapters cover various approaches to therapy. structured behavioural support programmes aid cessation attempts as do a number of pharmacotherapies, most notably nicotine replacement treatments and bupropion. a continuing theme in the discussions throughout the book is how best to treat nicotine addiction, given that many smokers would like to stop smoking but are unable to do so because of their addiction.
